Machine learning is an adaptive process that improves models or computers from their experience, it enables computers to increase their efficiency. Because of its specific characteristics, it is widely used in real-life applications.
A breakthrough in machine learning would be worth ten Microsofts. -Bill Gates
This blog contains a real-life scenario in Bioinformatics. Starting from introduction to machine learning and Bioinformatics as one of its applications, we bring your attention to how Machine learning tools such as ANN, PCA, RNN can be useful in Bioinformatics and many more to the solution of biological data.
Most of the time this data is unstructured which needs to be handled and organized very precisely. Also, we see some applications of neural networks in Bioinformatics.
Machine learning is purely associated with computational statistics, it not only focuses on different prediction-making using statistics but also ties to mathematical optimization which further delivers procedure, theory and application domain in the individual field.
Machine learning has many characteristics, one is used to decrease false-positive rates, and it has the ability of computing machine in order to increase the performance based on past data.
As we have seen in previous blogs that Machine learning has different applications and can be implemented based on business problems. Bioinformatics is also one of another application of Machine Learning. Also, it can be seen in many research that Machine Learning tools play a vital role in the field of Bioinformatics.
Let’s have a small glimpse of Bioinformatics, here we discover what is Bioinformatics? How this is useful? And the role of Machine Learning in Bioinformatics.
Sometimes Machine Learning is combined with mining of data, which covers deep data analysis of unsupervised learning and supervised learning. Here, supervised learning is used to determine and discovered a biological database that helps in finding laws in gene sequences.
We know that various computational techniques are used for adaption and fault tolerance or error limits which made them engaging for investigation in Bioinformatics.
Similarly in Machine Learning, a computational technique used to classify networks, to explore and learn then adapt to changing circumstances and therefore improving the performance of the machine, i.e. this technique trains the network for better performance and enhancing the accuracy of the system-network.
The Study of DNA and Protein sequences includes signs regarding functioning and subproblems such as classification of homologs, varied sequences alignment, searching sequence patterns, and evolutionary analyses.
All of these problems covered under sequence analysis, and hence machine learning algorithms are preferred for the same. (Referring you here to visit the blog: What are Model Parameters and Evaluation Metrics used in Machine Learning?)
The structures of protein represent three-dimensional data, problems associated with it are;
Structure prediction (having a secondary and tertiary protein structure)
Analysis of structures of protein for marks of a functioning
Alignment of structures.
Animated Structure of DNA
Gene expression data usually is expressed in matrices form and its analysis comprises statistical analysis, classification, and clustering strategies.
Many biological networks such as Gene Regulatory Network, protein-protein interaction networks etc, are displayed on graphs and the various associated problems such as building and interpretation of massive-range networks are solved using graph-theoretic methods.
Moreover, classification becomes a difficult task in handling biological data, this is not possible by traditional methods of analysis, so Artificial Neural Network is widely used as a Machine Learning tool in Bioinformatics.
Neural networks are a component of soft computing, they provide learning capability to network-system. The architecture of the neural network consists of one input layer, one or more numbers of hidden layers and one output layer.
In Bioinformatics, neural networks produce the properties of prediction and analysis or classification of genes in several classes. In terms of Biological sequence, this is one of the main issues correlated with sequencing difficulties such as RNA, protein-sequence, DNA, etc.
An issue with Genome sequence:
In Genome Sequencing, genome refers to a complete set of chromosomes that determines an organism, improvements in sequencing strategies give opportunities in bioinformatics for organizing, processing and interpreting the sequences. Each sequencing faces challenges in experimenting with the design, interpretation, and analysis of data.
“Bioinformaticians are not anti-social; We are just genome friendly.”
In Sequence comparison, it provides a base for many Bioinformatics tools and allows the conclusions of the function, design, and progression of genes and genomes.
While modeling biological processes at the molecular level and making conclusions from the stored data, the following steps are considered for Bioinformatics solutions;
Collect statistics from biological data
Build a computational model
Solve a computational modeling problem
Test and evaluate computational algorithms
With the exponential growth of biological data, one needs to pay attention to the efficient storage and management of information, also to extract relevant information from this data. (Have a glance at top big data technologies that concerns above fact)
Further, appropriate computational methods must be applied for transforming this heterogeneous data into useful information.These computational tools and methods or you would say machine learning tools allow grasping more described data and provide knowledge in the form of testable models by which we are able to obtain predictions of the system.
There are several biological domains where machine learning tools can be utilized for extracting the information from data, following are applications of neural network in bioinformatics;
In the recognition of coding region of genes
In the identification of genes problems
Identification and analysis of signals generated from regulatory sites
Sequence, classification, and features detection
Expression of genetic and genomic data
Image and signal processing
Nowadays, Bioinformatics shows wide applications in the field of medicine, like, to obtain the association between gene sequence and diseases, to divine or picturise protein structure from amino acid sequence, to assist in designing novel-drug, to monitor medical care of patients based on their DNA sequences.
As we enter the era of artificial intelligence and big data, machine learning is taking central place for business applications. Machine learning is also producing promising results with great advances in Bioinformatics. In this blog, an extensive review of Bioinformatics and the role of machine learning are described. We saw the issue of sequence analysis in Bioinformatics and valuable insight Bioinformatics as a starting point. For more blogs in Analytics and new technologies do read Analytics Steps, follow Analytics Steps, and connect with us at Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn.
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Comments
vivek.vikash
Oct 03, 2019literally enjoyed reading this blog , the information given is very firm and authentic .Kudos to Analyticssteps.
Neelam Tyagi
Oct 03, 2019Hey.. Thank you Vivek